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Work had begun in 1991 to expand the GSM standard to the 1800 MHz frequency band and the first 1800 MHz network became operational in the UK in 1993. 1992, the first short messaging service (SMS or 'text message') message was sent and Vodafone UK and Telecom Finland signed the first international roaming agreement. Finnish mobile network operator Radiolinja completed the first GSM telephone call in July, 1991. Phase I of the GSM specifications were published in 1990. In 1989, the Groupe Spécial Mobile committee was transferred from CEPT to the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). By 1987, basic parameters of the GSM standard had been agreed upon and 15 representatives from 13 European nations signed a memorandum of understanding in Copenhagen, committing to deploy GSM.

In 1986 the European Commission proposed to reserve the 900 MHz spectrum band for GSM.

The foresight of deciding to develop a continental standard paid off, eventually resulting in a unified, open, standard-based network larger than that in the United States.įrance and Germany signed a joint development agreement in 1984 and were joined by Italy and the UK in 1986. In 1987, 15 representatives from 13 European countries signed a memorandum of understanding to develop and deploy a common cellular telephone system across Europe. The work to develop a European standard for digital cellular voice telephony began in 1982 when the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) created the Groupe Spécial Mobile committee and provided a permanent group of technical support personnel, based in Paris. The GSM Association estimates that technologies defined in the GSM standard serve 80% of the global mobile market, encompassing more than 1.5 billion people across more than 212 countries and territories, making GSM the most ubiquitous of the many standards for cellular networks.Įarly European analog cellular networks employed an uncoordinated mix of technologies and protocols that varied from country to country, preventing interoperability of subscriber equipment and increasing complexity for equipment manufacturers who had to contend with varying standards from a fragmented market. 'GSM' is a trademark owned by the GSM Association. GSM networks will evolve further as they begin to incorporate fourth generation (or '4G') LTE Advanced standards. The GSM standard is succeeded by the third generation (or '3G') UMTS standard developed by the 3GPP. Packet data transmission speeds were later increased via EDGE. The standard was expanded over time to include first circuit switched data transport, then packet data transport via GPRS.

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Developed as a replacement for first generation analog cellular networks, the GSM standard originally described a digital, circuit switched network optimized for full duplex voice telephony.

GSM ( Global System for Mobile Communications, originally Groupe Spécial Mobile), is a standard set developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe technologies for second generation (or '2G') digital cellular networks.